CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF A PULVERIZED COAL COMBUSTOR RIG (PCCR) FOR TESTING CO-FIRING PULVERIZED COAL AND AMMONIA FUEL

Abstract

In Malaysia, the National Energy Policy 2022 - 2040 is focusing on achieving global net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. To accelerate the energy transition plan, the National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) has been developed, which also includes the development of hydrogen, H₂ and ammonia, NH₃ co-firing for power generation. The ammonia co-firing with coal has a significant effect on reducing carbon dioxide, CO₂ emissions but it also increases the nitrogen oxide, NOx content due to the high nitrogen content in its molecules. Additionally, the flame characteristic of the ammonia combustion has a narrow flammable range and slow flame propagation. Therefore, by introducing the ammonia injection swirl nozzle in the co-firing combustion, it enables a higher flammable range and increase flame propagation to achieve a higher temperature at the burner tip. The objective of this study is to conceptually develop a new test rig for co-firing pulverized coal and ammonia fuel with ammonia injection axial swirl nozzle. The significance of this development is to further improve GHG reduction for CO₂ and NO_X emissions. The conceptual test rig is designed for conducting experiments with the variation of axial swirl nozzle angle between 30⁰ to 60⁰ and also swirl number, S_n between 0.50 to 1.48. The test rig design concept is also expected to be able to test up to 100% ammonia firing.